| Serpentes (Schlangen) |
| Art |
LD50 (mg/kg) |
Giftmenge pro Biss (mg) |
Methode |
| Acalyptophis peronii
|
0.079
|
--
|
sc
|
| Acanthophis antarcticus
|
0.5
|
--
|
sc
|
| Acanthophis antarcticus
|
0.25
|
--
|
iv
|
| Agkistrodon bilineatus
|
2.4
|
--
|
iv
|
| Agkistrodon bilineatus
|
1.155
|
--
|
ip
|
| Agkistrodon bilineatus taylori
|
2.4
|
--
|
iv
|
| Agkistrodon bilineatus taylori
|
2.3
|
--
|
ip
|
| Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix
|
10.9
|
--
|
ip
|
| Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix
|
25.6
|
--
|
sc
|
| Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix
|
10.9
|
--
|
iv
|
| Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus
|
20
|
--
|
im
|
| Agkistrodon contortrix mokaseni
|
4.222
|
--
|
ip
|
| Agkistrodon contortrix mokaseni
|
2.7
|
--
|
iv
|
| Agkistrodon piscivorus
|
4
|
--
|
iv
|
| Agkistrodon piscivorus
|
25.8
|
--
|
sc
|
| Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma
|
4.844
|
--
|
ip
|
| Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma
|
2.044
|
--
|
iv
|
| Agkistrodon piscovorus
|
5.1
|
--
|
ip
|
| Aipysurus duboisii
|
0.044
|
--
|
sc
|
| Aipysurus eydouxii
|
4
|
--
|
iv
|
| Aipysurus laevi
|
0.09
|
--
|
im
|
| Aipysurus laevi
|
0.264
|
--
|
sc
|
| Atractaspis dohomeyensis
|
2.24
|
--
|
iv
|
| Atractaspis engaddensis
|
0.25
|
--
|
iv
|
| Atropoides nummifer
|
2.4
|
--
|
iv
|
| Atropoides picadoi
|
1.6
|
--
|
iv
|
| Austrelaps superbus
|
0.28
|
--
|
ip
|
| Austrelaps superbus
|
0.5
|
--
|
sc
|
| Bitis arientas
|
0.716
|
--
|
ip
|
| Bitis arietans
|
1.32
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bitis arietans
|
2
|
--
|
im
|
| Bitis caudalis
|
0.2
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bitis gabonica
|
6.772
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bitis gabonica
|
5.2
|
--
|
im
|
| Bitis gabonica
|
1.589
|
--
|
ip
|
| Bitis gabonica
|
12.5
|
--
|
sc
|
| Bitis nasicornis
|
8.2
|
--
|
im
|
| Bothriechis schlegelii
|
1.6
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bothriechis schlegelii
|
33.2
|
--
|
sc
|
| Bothrops alternatus
|
15.8
|
--
|
sc
|
| Bothrops alternatus
|
1.96
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bothrops asper
|
2.844
|
--
|
ip
|
| Bothrops asper
|
1.244
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bothrops atrox
|
2.835
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bothrops atrox
|
22
|
--
|
sc
|
| Bothrops atrox
|
3.8
|
--
|
ip
|
| Bothrops colombiensis
|
2.3
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bothrops jararaca
|
1.1
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bothrops jararaca
|
7
|
--
|
sc
|
| Bothrops jararacussu
|
13
|
--
|
sc
|
| Bothrops jararacussu
|
0.46
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bothrops neuwiedi
|
2.3
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bothrops neuwiedi
|
14.2
|
--
|
sc
|
| Boulengerina annulata
|
0.143
|
--
|
sc
|
| Boulengerina christyi
|
0.12
|
--
|
sc
|
| Bungarus caeruleus
|
0.169
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bungarus caeruleus
|
0.365
|
--
|
sc
|
| Bungarus caeruleus
|
0.089
|
--
|
ip
|
| Bungarus fasciatus
|
1.55
|
--
|
ip
|
| Bungarus fasciatus
|
3.6
|
--
|
sc
|
| Bungarus fasciatus
|
1.289
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bungarus multicinctus
|
0.08
|
--
|
ip
|
| Bungarus multicinctus
|
0.113
|
--
|
iv
|
| Bungarus multicinctus
|
0.108
|
--
|
sc
|
| Calloselasma rhodostoma
|
4.9885
|
--
|
ip
|
| Calloselasma rhodostoma
|
5.2
|
--
|
iv
|
| Calloselasma rhodostoma
|
23.4
|
--
|
sc
|
| Causus rhombeatus
|
15
|
--
|
sc
|
| Causus rhombeatus
|
9.25
|
--
|
iv
|
| Cerastes cerastes
|
0.3
|
--
|
ip
|
| Cerastes cerastes
|
4
|
--
|
iv
|
| Cerastes cerastes
|
15
|
--
|
sc
|
| Cerastes cornutus
|
5.05
|
--
|
iv
|
| Cerastes vipera
|
0.64
|
--
|
iv
|
| Cerastes vipera
|
0.25
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus adamanteus
|
2.295
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus adamanteus
|
1.65
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus adamanteus
|
14.6
|
--
|
sc
|
| Crotalus atrox
|
18.5
|
--
|
sc
|
| Crotalus atrox
|
5.588
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus atrox
|
2.72
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus atrox
|
20
|
--
|
im
|
| Crotalus basilicus
|
2.8
|
--
|
sc
|
| Crotalus catalinensis
|
4.1
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus catalinensis
|
10.9
|
--
|
im
|
| Crotalus cerastes
|
4
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus durissus durissus
|
1.244
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus durissus durissus
|
0.667
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus durissus terrificus
|
0.262
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus durissus terrificus
|
0.216
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus durissus totonacus
|
2.5
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus enyo enyo
|
4.6
|
--
|
im
|
| Crotalus exsul
|
9.2
|
--
|
im
|
| Crotalus exul
|
3.9
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus exul
|
2.17
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus exul
|
9.92
|
--
|
sc
|
| Crotalus horridus horridus
|
2.107
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus horridus horridus
|
3.1
|
--
|
sc
|
| Crotalus horridus horridus
|
2.276
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus intermedius
|
1.58
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus lepidus klauberi
|
23.95
|
--
|
sc
|
| Crotalus lepidus klauberi
|
9
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus mitchelli mitchelli
|
0.3
|
--
|
im
|
| Crotalus mitchelli mitchelli
|
0.18
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus mitchelli pyrrhus
|
2.7
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus mitchelli pyrrhus
|
9.6
|
--
|
im
|
| Crotalus polystictus
|
3.37
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus polystictus
|
13.3
|
--
|
sc
|
| Crotalus polysticus
|
13.3
|
--
|
im
|
| Crotalus pricei pricei
|
3.07
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus pricei pricei
|
11.5
|
--
|
im
|
| Crotalus scutulatus salvini
|
0.24
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus
|
0.189
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus
|
0.159
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus scututatus
|
0.34
|
--
|
sc
|
| Crotalus tigris
|
0.21
|
--
|
sc
|
| Crotalus tigris
|
0.056
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus viridis caliginsis
|
2.26
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus viridis concolor
|
0.2
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus viridis concolor
|
0.0825
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus viridis helleri
|
1.135
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus viridis helleri
|
2.44
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus viridis lutosus
|
2.2
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus viridis viridis
|
2
|
--
|
ip
|
| Crotalus viridis viridis
|
1.01
|
--
|
iv
|
| Crotalus willardi willardi
|
1.61
|
--
|
iv
|
| Cryptophis nigrescens
|
2.67
|
--
|
sc
|
| Daboia russelii formosensis
|
0.489
|
--
|
ip
|
| Daboia russelii formosensis
|
1.37
|
--
|
sc
|
| Daboia russelii formosensis
|
0.4
|
--
|
iv
|
| Daboia russelli russelli
|
0.133
|
--
|
iv
|
| Daboia russelli russelli
|
0.75
|
--
|
sc
|
| Daboia russelli russelli
|
0.4
|
--
|
ip
|
| Daboia russelli siamensis
|
2.11
|
--
|
iv
|
| Deinagkistrodon acutus
|
0.38
|
--
|
iv
|
| Deinagkistrodon acutus
|
9.2
|
--
|
sc
|
| Demansia olivacea
|
714.2
|
--
|
sc
|
| Dendroaspis angusticeps
|
3.05
|
--
|
sc
|
| Dendroaspis angusticeps
|
0.117
|
--
|
ip
|
| Dendroaspis angusticeps
|
1.5
|
--
|
iv
|
| Dendroaspis jamesoni
|
1
|
--
|
sc
|
| Dendroaspis jamesoni
|
0.72
|
--
|
iv
|
| Dendroaspis jamesoni
|
0.414
|
--
|
ip
|
| Dendroaspis polylepis
|
0.25
|
--
|
iv
|
| Dendroaspis polylepsis
|
0.32
|
--
|
sc
|
| Dendroaspis polylepsis
|
0.941
|
--
|
ip
|
| Dendroaspis viridis
|
0.8
|
--
|
iv
|
| Dendroaspis viridis
|
0.33
|
--
|
ip
|
| Dendroaspis viridis
|
0.7
|
--
|
sc
|
| Dispholidus typus
|
0.071
|
--
|
iv
|
| Echis carinatus
|
0.151
|
--
|
sc
|
| Echis carinatus
|
2.15
|
--
|
ip
|
| Echis carinatus multisquamatus (Iran)
|
3.26
|
--
|
iv
|
| Echis carinatus sochureki (Pakistan)
|
2.98
|
--
|
iv
|
| Echis coloratus
|
0.263
|
--
|
ip
|
| Echis coloratus
|
4.375
|
--
|
iv
|
| Echis ocellatus (Nigeria)
|
2.71
|
--
|
iv
|
| Echis pyramidum (Ägypten)
|
0.65
|
--
|
iv
|
| Echis pyramidum (Kenia)
|
0.94
|
--
|
iv
|
| Echis pyramidum (Saudi Arabien)
|
1.67
|
--
|
iv
|
| Emydocephalus annulatus
|
25
|
--
|
sc
|
| Enhydrina schistosa
|
0.1125
|
--
|
sc
|
| Enhydrina schistosa
|
0.26
|
--
|
iv
|
| Enhydrina schistosa
|
0.107
|
--
|
ip
|
| Eristicophis macmohoni
|
7.5
|
--
|
iv
|
| Gloydius blomhoffi
|
20
|
--
|
sc
|
| Gloydius halys
|
9.75
|
--
|
iv
|
| Hemachatus haemachatus
|
1.5
|
--
|
iv
|
| Hemachatus haemachatus
|
2.65
|
--
|
sc
|
| Hoplocephalus stephensi
|
1.36
|
--
|
sc
|
| Hydrophis belcheri
|
0.155
|
--
|
im
|
| Hydrophis cyanocinctus
|
0.464
|
--
|
sc
|
| Hydrophis cyanocinctus
|
0.24
|
--
|
ip
|
| Hydrophis cyanocinctus
|
0.456
|
--
|
iv
|
| Hydrophis elegans
|
0.21
|
--
|
im
|
| Hydrophis elegans
|
0.26
|
--
|
sc
|
| Hydrophis fasciatus
|
0.175
|
--
|
iv
|
| Hydrophis klossi
|
0.365
|
--
|
ip
|
| Hydrophis major
|
0.193
|
--
|
sc
|
| Hydrophis melanosoma
|
0.111
|
--
|
sc
|
| Hydrophis melanosoma
|
0.4
|
--
|
ip
|
| Hydrophis melanosoma
|
0.082
|
--
|
im
|
| Hydrophis nigrocinctus
|
0.343
|
--
|
sc
|
| Hydrophis ornatus
|
0.12
|
--
|
im
|
| Hydrophis ornatus
|
2.2
|
--
|
iv
|
| Hydrophis spiralis
|
0.315
|
--
|
ip
|
| Hydrophis stricticollis
|
0.164
|
--
|
sc
|
| Kerilia jerdoni
|
0.53
|
--
|
ip
|
| Lachesis muta
|
6.17
|
--
|
ip
|
| Lachesis muta
|
4.51
|
--
|
iv
|
| Lachesis muta
|
36.9
|
--
|
sc
|
| Lapemis hardwickii
|
0.8
|
--
|
iv
|
| Lapemis hardwickii
|
0.541
|
--
|
sc
|
| Lapemis hardwickii
|
0.26
|
--
|
ip
|
| Laticauda colubrina
|
0.435
|
--
|
sc
|
| Laticauda colubrina
|
0.4
|
--
|
iv
|
| Laticauda laticauda
|
0.163
|
--
|
iv
|
| Laticauda semifasciata
|
0.34
|
--
|
iv
|
| Laticauda semifasciata
|
0.273
|
--
|
sc
|
| Macrovipera lebetina
|
16
|
--
|
sc
|
| Macrovipera lebetina
|
0.64
|
--
|
iv
|
| Micrurus alleni
|
0.74
|
--
|
iv
|
| Micrurus alleni
|
0.705
|
--
|
ip
|
| Micrurus annulatus hertwigi
|
0.951
|
--
|
ip
|
| Micrurus annulatus hertwigi
|
1.76
|
--
|
iv
|
| Micrurus dumarillii
|
0.96
|
--
|
ip
|
| Micrurus dumarillii
|
1.02
|
--
|
iv
|
| Micrurus frontalis frontalis
|
0.592
|
--
|
ip
|
| Micrurus fulvius
|
0.3
|
--
|
iv
|
| Micrurus fulvius
|
1.3
|
--
|
sc
|
| Micrurus micrurus anomalus
|
0.118
|
--
|
ip
|
| Micrurus nigrocinctus
|
0.701
|
--
|
ip
|
| Micrurus nigrocinctus
|
0.394
|
--
|
iv
|
| Micrurus spixii obscurus
|
1.16
|
--
|
ip
|
| Naja atra
|
0.345
|
--
|
iv
|
| Naja atra
|
0.29
|
--
|
sc
|
| Naja flava
|
0.4
|
--
|
ip
|
| Naja haje
|
1.15
|
--
|
sc
|
| Naja haje
|
0.185
|
--
|
ip
|
| Naja haje
|
0.42
|
--
|
iv
|
| Naja kaouthia
|
0.373
|
--
|
iv
|
| Naja kaouthia
|
0.225
|
--
|
ip
|
| Naja melanoleuca
|
0.324
|
--
|
ip
|
| Naja melanoleuca
|
0.289
|
--
|
iv
|
| Naja naja
|
0.45
|
--
|
sc
|
| Naja naja
|
0.315
|
--
|
ip
|
| Naja naja
|
0.35
|
--
|
iv
|
| Naja nigricollis
|
0.63
|
--
|
iv
|
| Naja nigricollis
|
0.44
|
--
|
im
|
| Naja nigricollis
|
0.4
|
--
|
ip
|
| Naja nivea
|
0.57
|
--
|
iv
|
| Naja nivea
|
0.42
|
--
|
ip
|
| Naja nivea
|
0.72
|
--
|
sc
|
| Naja oxiana
|
0.96
|
--
|
iv
|
| Naja pallida
|
2
|
--
|
ip
|
| Notechis ater niger
|
0.131
|
--
|
sc
|
| Notechis ater occidentalis
|
0.194
|
--
|
sc
|
| Notechis ater serventyi
|
0.338
|
--
|
sc
|
| Notechis scutulatus
|
0.214
|
--
|
sc
|
| Notechis scutulatus
|
0.04
|
--
|
iv
|
| Ophiophagus hannah
|
1.7
|
--
|
sc
|
| Ophiophagus hannah
|
1.31
|
--
|
iv
|
| Ophiophagus hannah
|
1.644
|
--
|
ip
|
| Oxyuranus microlepidotus
|
0.025
|
--
|
sc
|
| Oxyuranus scutellatus
|
0.009
|
--
|
ip
|
| Oxyuranus scutellatus
|
0.106
|
--
|
sc
|
| Oxyuranus scutellatus
|
0.013
|
--
|
iv
|
| Pelamis platurus
|
0.22
|
--
|
iv
|
| Pelamis platurus
|
0.067
|
--
|
sc
|
| Porthidium nasuta
|
4.6
|
--
|
iv
|
| Praescutata viperina
|
4.5
|
--
|
iv
|
| Pseudechis australis
|
1.94
|
--
|
sc
|
| Pseudechis australis
|
0.3
|
--
|
iv
|
| Pseudechis colletti
|
0.84
|
--
|
ip
|
| Pseudechis colletti
|
2.38
|
--
|
sc
|
| Pseudechis guttatus
|
2.13
|
--
|
sc
|
| Pseudechis papuanus
|
1.09
|
--
|
sc
|
| Pseudechis porphyriacus
|
2
|
--
|
sc
|
| Pseudechis porphyriacus
|
0.54
|
--
|
iv
|
| Pseudocerastes fieldi
|
0.275
|
--
|
iv
|
| Pseudocerastes fieldi
|
0.02
|
--
|
ip
|
| Pseudocerastes persicus
|
15.26
|
--
|
iv
|
| Pseudocerastes persicus
|
0.83
|
--
|
iv
|
| Pseudonaja affinis
|
0.66
|
--
|
sc
|
| Pseudonaja nuchalis
|
0.473
|
--
|
sc
|
| Pseudonaja textilis
|
0.0365
|
--
|
sc
|
| Pseudonaja textilis
|
0.01
|
--
|
iv
|
| Rhabdophis subminiatus
|
1.29
|
--
|
iv
|
| Sistrurus milarius barbouri
|
6.822
|
--
|
ip
|
| Sistrurus milarius barbouri
|
12.59
|
--
|
iv
|
| Sistrurus miliarius barbouri
|
24.3
|
--
|
sc
|
| Thelotornis kirtlandi
|
1.24
|
--
|
iv
|
| Trimeresurus albolabris
|
12.75
|
--
|
sc
|
| Trimeresurus albolabris
|
0.37
|
--
|
iv
|
| Trimeresurus elegans
|
5.225
|
--
|
iv
|
| Trimeresurus flavoviridis
|
3.689
|
--
|
iv
|
| Trimeresurus flavoviridis
|
5.07
|
--
|
ip
|
| Trimeresurus gramineus
|
8.6
|
--
|
sc
|
| Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus
|
5.225
|
--
|
iv
|
| Trimeresurus okinavensis
|
15
|
--
|
ip
|
| Trimeresurus okinavensis
|
3
|
--
|
iv
|
| Trimeresurus stejnegeri
|
5.225
|
--
|
iv
|
| Tropidolaemus wagleri
|
3.58
|
--
|
ip
|
| Tropidolaemus wagleri
|
0.7833
|
--
|
iv
|
| Tropidolaemus wagleri
|
6.19
|
--
|
sc
|
| Vipera ammodytes
|
6.59
|
--
|
sc
|
| Vipera ammodytes
|
0.415
|
--
|
ip
|
| Vipera ammodytes
|
0.8
|
--
|
iv
|
| Vipera aspis
|
1
|
--
|
iv
|
| Vipera aspis
|
4.7
|
--
|
im
|
| Vipera berus
|
0.55
|
--
|
iv
|
| Vipera berus
|
6.45
|
--
|
sc
|
| Vipera bornmuelleri
|
1.92
|
--
|
ip
|
| Vipera bornmuelleri
|
6.25
|
--
|
sc
|
| Vipera bornmuelleri
|
0.605
|
--
|
iv
|
| Vipera latifii
|
2.07
|
--
|
ip
|
| Vipera latifii
|
0.348
|
--
|
iv
|
| Vipera latifii
|
4.61
|
--
|
sc
|
| Vipera palaestinae
|
1.9
|
--
|
ip
|
| Vipera palaestinae
|
0.3
|
--
|
iv
|
| Vipera palaestinae
|
9.4
|
--
|
sc
|
| Vipera palaestinae
|
2.09
|
--
|
iv
|
| Vipera xanthina
|
6.7
|
--
|
iv
|
| Walterinnesia aegyptia
|
0.4
|
--
|
sc
|
| Walterinnesia aegyptia
|
0.3
|
--
|
iv
|
| Walterinnesia aegyptia
|
0.133
|
--
|
ip
|